Lab 02 — Visualization

Power, Pixels,
and Proportions

Two data visualizations exploring GPU hardware efficiency and U.S. data center electricity consumption — drawn from real datasets including LBNL 2024, the IEA Energy & AI report, and the MDPI Kappa-Energy Index paper.

LBNL 2024 U.S. Data Center Report IEA Energy & AI Dataset MDPI Kappa-Energy Index (2025) Kaggle GPU Benchmarks

Dashboard: Static, Live, Error, Fallback

Real-time health map for each visualization on this page. Live status updates automatically as data loads.

Static0
Live0
Fallback0
Error0
Visualization Status Type Notes
Visualization 01 — GPU Architecture Trade-off Live database.php Connecting to database.php...
Visualization 02 — U.S. Electricity Over Time Live database.php Connecting to database.php...
Visualization 03 — GPU Specs Dashboard Live database.php Connecting to database.php...
Visualization 04 — IEA Demand Snapshot Live database.php Connecting to database.php...
Visualization 05 — Electricity Surge + GPU Efficiency Live database.php Connecting to database.php...
Visualization 06 — Regional Concentration Trends Live database.php Connecting to database.php...

AI Cluster Scale:
Power vs. Chip Density

Each point represents a live cluster record from database.php. The chart compares cluster power capacity against estimated AI-chip density, with bubble size reflecting the scale of installed accelerators.

SOURCE — database.php · gpu_clusters
Cluster AI Chips Power (MW) Chips / MW Status Country Owner
Loading live cluster data…
Cluster Power vs. Density Map
Each bubble is a real AI cluster. The further right, the more power it consumes. The higher up, the more AI chips it fits per megawatt. Bigger bubbles = more total chips installed.
Operational
Planned / announced
Density leader
Bubble area ∝ AI chip count
How to Read This Chart

Hover over any bubble to see the cluster name, power draw, chip count, and country. Clusters in the top-left are the most efficient — high chip density at low power. Clusters in the bottom-right are power-hungry but chip-sparse. The ideal zone (dashed green box) marks clusters that pack the most AI compute per megawatt.

U.S. Data Center Electricity
Component Mix, 2014–2023

This visualization now uses the live datacenter_components table from database.php. It tracks how storage, networking, infrastructure, conventional servers, and AI servers contribute to total electricity demand.

SOURCE — database.php · datacenter_components
Year Infrastructure (TWh) Network (TWh) Storage (TWh) Conventional Servers (TWh) AI Servers (TWh) Total (TWh) AI Share
U.S. Data Center Electricity by Component (2014–2023)
This stacked area chart shows how total U.S. data center electricity use breaks down by component type over time. Each colored band represents one category — they stack on top of each other to show the total.
Infrastructure
Network
Storage
Conventional Servers
AI Servers
How to Read This Chart

Hover over any year to see a full breakdown of electricity use by component for that year. The bright green band at the top is AI server load — watch how it grows from near-zero and begins pulling the total upward from 2020 onward. The dashed white line shows the overall total.

Interactive Guide
1 of 5

GPU Specs Dashboard

Interactive analytics across GPU hardware generations using only the live `gpu_specs` table from `database.php`. Filter by manufacturer, release year, and sort metric.

SOURCE — database.php · gpu_specs

Connecting to data source…
GPU Models
Total records loaded
Avg Unified Shaders
Compute-heavy filtered set
Median Memory
Useful for tier clustering
Top GPU Clock

Memory vs. Unified Shaders

Bubble size = memory bus width. Ideal: high shaders, large memory.

NVIDIA
Intel
AMD

GPU Clock vs. Memory Clock

Horizontal bars sorted by GPU clock (MHz).

GPU clock
Mem clock

Filtered Records

ManufacturerProductYear Mem (GB)Bus WidthGPU Clock Mem ClockShadersChip
Loading…
How to Use This Dashboard

Use the filters at the top (Manufacturer, Year Range, Sort By) to narrow down the dataset. The bubble chart plots each GPU by memory size (X) vs. shader count (Y) — bubble size reflects memory bus width. The bar chart ranks GPUs by your chosen metric. Hover over any point or bar for full specs. The data table below shows all filtered records with raw numbers.

Global Data Center
Energy Demand

Live electricity-demand comparisons drawn from `regional_data_annex` plus the latest datacenter component mix from `datacenter_components`.

SOURCE — database.php · regional_data_annex + datacenter_components

Global demand, 2022
World total electricity consumption, actual
Base case, 2030
World total electricity consumption, base case
AI server share, latest year
Share of total datacenter component electricity
Regional snapshot — live 2030 base case (TWh)
Loading
Waiting for database

Global Electricity Demand from Data Centers

World total electricity consumption pulled from `regional_data_annex`.

Actual
Base case

Regional Electricity Demand

Top regions by 2030 base-case total electricity consumption.

This panel is driven directly by `regional_data_annex`, so region rankings update with the live database instead of a fixed snapshot.

Underlying Data

Dataset20222026Notes
How to Read This Section

The three stat cards at the top show global electricity demand now vs. the 2030 base case — watch them count up from zero as the data loads. The bar chart on the left shows world totals by year (green = actual, blue = 2030 projection). The chart on the right compares the top 5 regions side-by-side: 2024 actual vs. 2030 base case. Hover any bar for exact TWh values. The regional cards below rank the biggest electricity consumers by projected 2030 demand.

The Data Center
Electricity Surge

Regional electricity growth and GPU hardware efficiency proxies, both rendered directly from live `regional_data_annex` and `gpu_specs` records.

SOURCE — database.php · regional_data_annex + gpu_specs

Global Data Center Electricity by Region

TWh · actual and IEA base-case projections

Region 2022 TWh 2024 TWh 2030 TWh 2024–2030 Growth Share (2024)

GPU Hardware Efficiency Comparison

NVIDIA architectures from Volta to Hopper — TDP, compute throughput, and efficiency per watt

GPUArchitectureYear TDP (W)FP16 TFLOPSVRAM (GB) Mem BW (TB/s)TFLOPS/WTier

Regional Electricity Demand, 2017–2030

Stacked area using live actual rows plus 2030 base-case projections from `regional_data_annex`.

Top live region Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5

GPU Efficiency vs. Power Draw

X: TDP (W) · Y: FP16 TFLOPS/W · Bubble size: memory bandwidth

Data center GPU Consumer / prosumer
How to Read This Section

This section pairs two views. The regional electricity table shows how data center demand compares across regions from 2022 → 2030. The GPU efficiency bubble chart below it plots individual GPU models by estimated power draw (X) vs. compute efficiency (Y) — bigger bubbles indicate wider memory bandwidth. The core tension: GPU hardware got ~4× more efficient per watt from V100 to H100, but AI workloads grew 10× in the same window — hardware gains alone cannot offset demand growth.

Regional Concentration & Growth Trends

Three interactive charts showing where global electricity demand is concentrated and how it shifts by 2030. Start with the constellation (circle size = 2024 demand), then follow growth in the growth ladder, and see proportional share change in the ribbon chart. Hover or click any region to highlight it across all three views.

SOURCE — database.php · regional_data_annex

Underlying Data Grid

Source figures come directly from live `regional_data_annex` records in `database.php`.

Metric GroupLabelRegion YearValueUnitsStatusSource

Regional Share Constellation

Circle area scales to live 2024 electricity demand by region. Hover or click each region for details.

Interactive SVG · hover or click

Loading live regional share context…

Growth Ladder

Bars compare 2024 actual values with 2030 base-case values for the world and the largest regions in the database.

Interactive SVG · hover bars for live values

Loading live growth comparison…

Share Ribbon

The same live regional totals in a proportional 2030 base-case ribbon.

Interactive SVG · hover segments

Concentration

Loading live concentration summary…

Acceleration

Loading live growth summary…

Range

Loading live regional comparison…

Build Your Scenario

Adjust the three key levers — facility efficiency, GPU generation, and grid carbon intensity — to see how total energy footprint and carbon output change. All calculations use real data ranges from the live database.

Facility Efficiency (PUE) 1 1.5
1.1 — Best (hyperscale)2.4 — Worst (legacy)
GPU Generation 2 A100
Efficiency: 0.77 TFLOPS/W
Grid Carbon Intensity 3 400 gCO₂/kWh
30 — Norway (hydro)750 — Coal-heavy grid
Workload Size (GPU·hours/day) 1,000
100 — Small lab10,000 — Large cluster
Daily Energy Use
MWh consumed per day (compute + overhead)
Daily Carbon Footprint
kg CO₂ equivalent per day
vs. best-practice baseline
Energy
Carbon